A 55-year-old male-to-female transsexual was reviewed in clinic. She lived as a woman but had not undergone gender reassignment surgery. She was treated with cyproterone acetate 50 mg twice daily and estradiol 2 mg twice daily.
What are the most important tests for monitoring safe replacement?

• A. lipid profile and liver function tests
• B. serum prostate-specific antigen and full blood count
• C. liver function tests and full blood count
• D. lipid profile and serum prostate-specific antigen
• E. liver function tests and serum prostate-specific antigen

A 42-year-old woman, with type 1 diabetes mellitus of 22 years' duration, attended for annual review. She was using biphasic insulin twice daily and taking aspirin 75 mg, simvastatin 40 mg and ramipril 10 mg daily.
On examination, her blood pressure was 164/87 mmHg.
Investigations:
serum potassium5.9 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
serum creatinine197 umol/L (60-110)
estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD)26 mL/min/1.73 m2 (>60)
haemoglobin A1c72 mmol/mol (20-42)
urinary albumin:creatinine ratio27.0 mg/mmol (<3.5)
urine culturenegative
What is the most important next step in management?

• A. check bicarbonate
• B. change to intensive insulin regimen
• C. add furosemide
• D. refer to a nephrologist
• E. add aliskiren

A 23-year-old woman presented to the outpatient clinic complaining of an inability to lose weight and irregular menses. Her food diary suggested that she consumed only 900 kilocalories daily. She had previously been found to have hypothyroidism and was treated with levothyroxine 75 micrograms daily.
On examination, her body mass index was 40.2 kg/m2 (18-25).
Investigations:
serum testosterone3.6 nmol/L (0.5-3.0) plasma follicle-stimulating hormone3.0 U/L (2.5-10.0) plasma luteinising hormone9.0 U/L (2.5-10.0) serum thyroid-stimulating hormone4.6 mU/L (0.4-5.0) serum free T412.8 pmol/L (10.0-22.0)
What is the most appropriate next step?

• A. add orlistat
• B. add metformin
• C. titrate levothyroxine dosage
• D. add exenatide
• E. bariatric surgery

A 72-year-old woman was referred for bone density assessment after sustaining a fracture of her right ankle after a minor fall. She had previously fractured her right wrist after tripping in the street. Her past medical history included occasional angina relieved by glyceryl trinitrate spray and a previous deep venous thrombosis. Her medication comprised aspirin, simvastatin, alendronic acid, and calcium and vitamin D, which she had been taking regularly for 2 years.
Investigations:
DXA scan of spine (L2-L4)T score -2.4
DXA scan of total hipT score -2.8
What is the most appropriate treatment?

• A. switch alendronic acid to pamidronate
• B. continue alendronic acid
• C. switch alendronic acid to teriparatide
• D. switch alendronic acid to raloxifene
• E. switch alendronic acid to strontium ranelate

A 26-year-old man was referred from the sexual health clinic, after small testes had been noted during treatment for genital warts. The patient reported recent loss of libido but there was no history of erectile dysfunction or delayed pubertal development. He was taking no regular medication. Approximately 3 years before presentation, he had taken anabolic steroids for 6 months to improve his muscle bulk.
On examination, normal facial, axillary and pubic hair was present. Testicular volume was 6 mL and his testes were firm.
Investigations:
serum testosterone4.0 nmol/L (9.0-35.0)
plasma follicle-stimulating hormone21.0 U/L (1.0-7.0)
plasma luteinising hormone23.0 U/L (1.0-10.0)
serum prolactin420 mU/L (<360)
What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. haemochromatosis
• B. Klinefelter's syndrome
• C. exogenous anabolic steroid use
• D. Kallmann's syndrome
• E. microprolactinoma