최신MRCPUK Endocrinology and Diabetes (Specialty Certificate Examination) - SEND무료샘플문제
문제1
A 17-year-old girl presented with primary amenorrhoea. She had grown and developed normally. There was no history of galactorrhoea or hirsutism.
On examination, her height was 1.69 m, her weight was 68.3 kg, and her body mass index was 23.9 kg/m2 (18-25). She had stage 5 breast development and stage 5 pubic hair. Her visual fields were full to confrontation.
Investigations:
serum cortisol (09.00 h)416 nmol/L (200-700) serum oestradiol51 pmol/L (200-400)
serum follicle-stimulating hormone0.8 U/L (2.5-10.0) serum luteinising hormone1.2 U/L (2.5-10.0) serum thyroid-stimulating hormone1.2 mU/L (0.4-5.0) serum free T415.6 pmol/L (10.0-22.0)
What is the most appropriate next investigation?
A 17-year-old girl presented with primary amenorrhoea. She had grown and developed normally. There was no history of galactorrhoea or hirsutism.
On examination, her height was 1.69 m, her weight was 68.3 kg, and her body mass index was 23.9 kg/m2 (18-25). She had stage 5 breast development and stage 5 pubic hair. Her visual fields were full to confrontation.
Investigations:
serum cortisol (09.00 h)416 nmol/L (200-700) serum oestradiol51 pmol/L (200-400)
serum follicle-stimulating hormone0.8 U/L (2.5-10.0) serum luteinising hormone1.2 U/L (2.5-10.0) serum thyroid-stimulating hormone1.2 mU/L (0.4-5.0) serum free T415.6 pmol/L (10.0-22.0)
What is the most appropriate next investigation?
정답: E
문제2
A 26-year-old woman was referred by her general practitioner for the management of subfertility. Her menarche had occurred at the age of 14 and she had experienced oligomenorrhoea since the age of 16. She also complained of gradually worsening hirsutism since puberty.
Clinical examination showed central obesity, a body mass index of 32 kg/m2 (18-25) and a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg.
The following results were obtained within 1 week of her last menstrual period.
Investigations:
overnight dexamethasone suppression test (after 1 mg dexamethasone):
serum cortisol30 nmol/L (<50)
serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate12 umol/L (3-12)
serum androstenedione10.0 nmol/L (0.6-8.8)
serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone38 nmol/L (1-10)
serum oestradiol200 pmol/L (200-400)
serum testosterone3.5 nmol/L (0.5-3.0)
serum sex hormone binding globulin30 nmol/L (40-137)
plasma follicle-stimulating hormone4.0 U/L (2.5-10.0)
plasma luteinising hormone6.0 U/L (2.5-10.0)
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 26-year-old woman was referred by her general practitioner for the management of subfertility. Her menarche had occurred at the age of 14 and she had experienced oligomenorrhoea since the age of 16. She also complained of gradually worsening hirsutism since puberty.
Clinical examination showed central obesity, a body mass index of 32 kg/m2 (18-25) and a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg.
The following results were obtained within 1 week of her last menstrual period.
Investigations:
overnight dexamethasone suppression test (after 1 mg dexamethasone):
serum cortisol30 nmol/L (<50)
serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate12 umol/L (3-12)
serum androstenedione10.0 nmol/L (0.6-8.8)
serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone38 nmol/L (1-10)
serum oestradiol200 pmol/L (200-400)
serum testosterone3.5 nmol/L (0.5-3.0)
serum sex hormone binding globulin30 nmol/L (40-137)
plasma follicle-stimulating hormone4.0 U/L (2.5-10.0)
plasma luteinising hormone6.0 U/L (2.5-10.0)
What is the most likely diagnosis?
정답: A
문제3
A 25-year-old woman presented at 28 weeks' gestation after a screening 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, which had shown a fasting plasma glucose of 5.6 mmol/L (3.0-6.0) and a 2h plasma glucose of 9.8 mmol/L (<7.8). She had a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a pre-pregnancy body mass index of 36 kg/m2 (18-25). Home blood glucose monitoring had shown persistently raised blood glucose despite dietary modification. She refused insulin because of needle phobia and was concerned about drug exposure to her unborn child.
The use of what hypoglycaemic therapy is acceptable in this situation?
A 25-year-old woman presented at 28 weeks' gestation after a screening 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, which had shown a fasting plasma glucose of 5.6 mmol/L (3.0-6.0) and a 2h plasma glucose of 9.8 mmol/L (<7.8). She had a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a pre-pregnancy body mass index of 36 kg/m2 (18-25). Home blood glucose monitoring had shown persistently raised blood glucose despite dietary modification. She refused insulin because of needle phobia and was concerned about drug exposure to her unborn child.
The use of what hypoglycaemic therapy is acceptable in this situation?
정답: E
문제4
A 73-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus was reviewed because of borderline hypertension. He was taking metformin 1 g twice daily, gliclazide 160 mg twice daily, aspirin 75 mg daily and simvastatin 20 mg at night. He had a history of diabetic retinopathy.
On examination, his body mass index was 34 kg/m2 (18-25); his blood pressure was 146/86 mmHg. When he returned 2 months later, his blood pressure was 142/88 mmHg.
Investigations:
serum creatinine102 umol/L (60-110)
haemoglobin A1c66 mmol/mol (20-42)
urinary albumin:creatinine ratio
(untimed specimen)7.4 mg/mmol (<2.5)
According to NICE guidelines (CG66, May 2008), what is the target for blood pressure reduction?
A 73-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus was reviewed because of borderline hypertension. He was taking metformin 1 g twice daily, gliclazide 160 mg twice daily, aspirin 75 mg daily and simvastatin 20 mg at night. He had a history of diabetic retinopathy.
On examination, his body mass index was 34 kg/m2 (18-25); his blood pressure was 146/86 mmHg. When he returned 2 months later, his blood pressure was 142/88 mmHg.
Investigations:
serum creatinine102 umol/L (60-110)
haemoglobin A1c66 mmol/mol (20-42)
urinary albumin:creatinine ratio
(untimed specimen)7.4 mg/mmol (<2.5)
According to NICE guidelines (CG66, May 2008), what is the target for blood pressure reduction?
정답: D
문제5
A 52-year-old woman was referred to the clinic having lost 3-4 kg in weight over the previous 3 months. She also had palpitations and a sense of tremulousness. A diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis was confirmed by a blood test arranged by her general practitioner (GP).
Investigations (arranged by GP):
serum thyroid-stimulating hormone<0.01 mU/L (0.4-5.0)
serum free T435.8 pmol/L (10.0-22.0)
serum free T310.0 pmol/L (3.0-7.0)
On examination at her first clinic visit, she had a fine tremor, her pulse was 92 beats per minute and regular, and her eyes appeared normal. Her right thyroid lobe was moderately enlarged, and her left lobe was normal on examination. There was no associated lymphadenopathy. A technetium-99m thyroid isotope uptake scan was arranged (see image).
What is the most likely cause of her thyrotoxicosis?
A 52-year-old woman was referred to the clinic having lost 3-4 kg in weight over the previous 3 months. She also had palpitations and a sense of tremulousness. A diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis was confirmed by a blood test arranged by her general practitioner (GP).
Investigations (arranged by GP):
serum thyroid-stimulating hormone<0.01 mU/L (0.4-5.0)
serum free T435.8 pmol/L (10.0-22.0)
serum free T310.0 pmol/L (3.0-7.0)
On examination at her first clinic visit, she had a fine tremor, her pulse was 92 beats per minute and regular, and her eyes appeared normal. Her right thyroid lobe was moderately enlarged, and her left lobe was normal on examination. There was no associated lymphadenopathy. A technetium-99m thyroid isotope uptake scan was arranged (see image).
What is the most likely cause of her thyrotoxicosis?
정답: D
문제6
A 49-year-old woman presented with a mass in her neck that was causing no specific symptoms.
Examination revealed a solitary nodule in the right thyroid lobe, with no associated lymphadenopathy. Thyroid function was normal. No other abnormality was noted. There was no evidence of lymphadenopathy in the neck.
Investigations:
ultrasound scan of necksolid hypoechoic nodule 1.8 ? 1.2 ? 1 cm
in right thyroid lobe;
cyst 0.6 ? 0.3 ? 0.2 cm in left thyroid lobe
cytology (fine-needle aspirationscanty colloid with abundant
from nodule in right lobe)thyroid follicular cells (Thy3f)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
A 49-year-old woman presented with a mass in her neck that was causing no specific symptoms.
Examination revealed a solitary nodule in the right thyroid lobe, with no associated lymphadenopathy. Thyroid function was normal. No other abnormality was noted. There was no evidence of lymphadenopathy in the neck.
Investigations:
ultrasound scan of necksolid hypoechoic nodule 1.8 ? 1.2 ? 1 cm
in right thyroid lobe;
cyst 0.6 ? 0.3 ? 0.2 cm in left thyroid lobe
cytology (fine-needle aspirationscanty colloid with abundant
from nodule in right lobe)thyroid follicular cells (Thy3f)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
정답: D
문제7
A 26-year-old woman with previously well-controlled primary hypothyroidism had been an in patient for treatment of an eating disorder for the previous 6 weeks. She had a history of anaemia resulting from multiple vitamin deficiency and gastric erosions. She had been taking levothyroxine 125 micrograms daily for the previous 5 years; since admission her medication had also included ferrous sulfate, calcium and vitamin D, and sucralfate. Her daily medicines were taken under supervision at 09.00 h. Although she was eating better and had gained 4 kg in weight, she was now complaining of tiredness and feeling "worse than ever".
On examination, she was thin, slightly pale and had no palpable goitre. Recent blood tests had confirmed that her anaemia had resolved.
Investigations:
serum corrected calcium2.28 mmo/L (2.20-2.60)
serum thryoid-stimulating hormone12.0 mU/L (0.4-5.0)
serum free T48.0 pmol/L (10.0-22.0)
serum T30.90 nmol/L (1.07-3.18)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
A 26-year-old woman with previously well-controlled primary hypothyroidism had been an in patient for treatment of an eating disorder for the previous 6 weeks. She had a history of anaemia resulting from multiple vitamin deficiency and gastric erosions. She had been taking levothyroxine 125 micrograms daily for the previous 5 years; since admission her medication had also included ferrous sulfate, calcium and vitamin D, and sucralfate. Her daily medicines were taken under supervision at 09.00 h. Although she was eating better and had gained 4 kg in weight, she was now complaining of tiredness and feeling "worse than ever".
On examination, she was thin, slightly pale and had no palpable goitre. Recent blood tests had confirmed that her anaemia had resolved.
Investigations:
serum corrected calcium2.28 mmo/L (2.20-2.60)
serum thryoid-stimulating hormone12.0 mU/L (0.4-5.0)
serum free T48.0 pmol/L (10.0-22.0)
serum T30.90 nmol/L (1.07-3.18)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
정답: B
문제8
A 36-year-old man of African origin attended the clinic 2 weeks after discharge from hospital following his first admission with diabetic ketoacidosis. He had made a rapid recovery and had been discharged taking subcutaneous insulin twice daily.
At clinic, he reported home blood glucose measurements of 4-6mmol/L, occasional symptomatichypoglycaemia and a total daily insulin dose of 12 units. He asked if his glucose-lowering treatment should change.
Which test is most likely to predict prolonged insulin independence?
A 36-year-old man of African origin attended the clinic 2 weeks after discharge from hospital following his first admission with diabetic ketoacidosis. He had made a rapid recovery and had been discharged taking subcutaneous insulin twice daily.
At clinic, he reported home blood glucose measurements of 4-6mmol/L, occasional symptomatichypoglycaemia and a total daily insulin dose of 12 units. He asked if his glucose-lowering treatment should change.
Which test is most likely to predict prolonged insulin independence?
정답: D